ABSTRACT
Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes, which has socioeconomic consequences as well as a reduced quality of life. Early neuropathic process recognition and management could alter its course and considerably reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study determines the effect of long-term glycemic control on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A hospital-based study was carried out at the National Centre of Neurosciences and Ibrahim Malik Hospital in Khartoum. All individuals who were older than 18 years and have had T2DM for less than 10 years were recruited. Using accepted techniques, the BMI, HbA1c level, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were measured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25.0 software. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 95 patients with T2DM, 52 were male patients. Our findings showed that as the duration of diabetes increased, the sensory velocity reduced from 64.07 ± 3.22 to 54.00 ± 5.34 and the motor nerve from 63.39 ± 2.38 to 53.87 ± 2.08 (P = 0.05, P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, with increased duration of diabetes, a significant decrease was seen in both motor nerve amplitude from 8.79 ± 3.11 to 6.94 ± 1.84 (P = 0.05) and sensory nerve amplitude from 25.71 ± 5.70 to 19.51 ± 6.51 (P = 0.003). Also, all parameters of NCS (velocity and amplitude) decreased when Hb A1c was >6 sensory velocity from 63.96 ± 2.36 to 55.49 ± 2.43 (P = 0.03) and motor velocity from 63.00 ± 2.59 to 51.44 ± 1.66 (P = 0.02). And sensory amplitude decreased from 26.91 ± 1.26 to 20.85 ± 2.1 (P = 0.05), while motor amplitude decreased from 6.88 ± 3.55 to 6.61 ± 3.29 (P = 0.05). Additionally, there is a substantial (P = 0.05) correlation between sensory and motor amplitudes and the BMI. Conclusion: High BMI and poorly controlled (high HbA1c) long-term diabetes had a negative impact on all nerve conduction study parameters
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , FemaleABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are the most prevalent metabolic disorders in Sudan. The value of HbA1C reflects the glycemic status over the last 2-3 months. So, in this study, an insight for thyroid hormone regulation of glucose metabolism is investigated. Is to study the association between thyroid hormones levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c in healthy adults.Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in a healthy Sudanese cohort in the period between September 2017 to November 2018, involving 610 healthy adult Sudanese aged 20 to 60 years. HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), T3, T4 and TSH were measured.Results: The study results demonstrated a significant association between the median concentration of T3 and T4 with plasma level of HbA1c. A significant linear correlation between serum concentration of T3 and fasting blood sugar (FBS) was observed. Inverse correlation was detected between serum TSH and HbA1c, FBS in study population.Conclusions: The present study concluded that FBS and HbA1c levels were increased with increasing of both T3 and T4. Based on this study all the thyroid patients’ especially hyperthyroid patients should have regular checkup of their glucose levels.
ABSTRACT
Background: The normal physiological range for white blood cells and differential count are essential for diagnosis, treatment, follow up and screening. This study aimed at establishing the reference ranges of WBCs and differential count in Sudanese people.Methods: The present study included 444 healthy adult Sudanese from both sexes with age range of 20 – 60 years. Blood samples were obtained from brachial veins and drawn in EDTA tubes. WBCs and differential count were analyzed using Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyzer. Full clinical examination was performed, weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated.Results: The mean WBC count was 5.1±1.5×103/ µl with a range of 3.6 ×103/µl to 6.6 ×103/µl. The mean WBCs count for males and females were 4.969×103/µl and 5.138×103/µl respectively. Neutrophils count was 2.430×103/µl (47%) and mean for lymphocyte count was 2.116×103/µl (41.1%).Conclusions: WBCs count was directly proportional to BMI. The WBCs count of Sudanese people was lower than that of Caucasians and similar to reports from other African countries.